Sulawesi Language Alliance

Championing Local Languages in the Heart of Indonesia

Word Lists

The series Sulang Language Data and Working Papers: Word Lists is published by Sulawesi Language Alliance. The aim of this series is to make word list data available to the general public. For accurate definitions of native words, dictionaries are preferable over word lists. Nonetheless word lists have proven their utility when the purpose is to compare languages and dialects with each other.

The standard word list developed and used by Sulawesi Language Alliance is the Sulawesi Long List, comprising just over eight hundred items. To foster accuracy, this word list includes a set of elicitation aids in the form of annotations and photographs. However, we also accept for publication word lists of other lengths and arrangement of items. To submit a word list or a set of word lists for inclusion in this series, see our guidelines on how to submit a resource.

Word lists are published ‘as is,’ in the same way that we have received them. The accuracy of responses and transcriptions are the responsibility of word list takers, and may vary depending on the researcher and the field conditions under which responses were elicited.


Papers in this series are posted as PDF files. PDF files can be viewed or printed using the free Adobe Reader.

Please make sure you have read and agree to our terms and conditions of use before downloading any documents or other files from this page.


001 Uma Dialect Word Lists
Description: This paper presents ten Sulawesi Umbrella (488 item) word lists along with six extra items—‘chili pepper,’ ‘papaya,’ ‘squash,’ ‘not yet,’ ‘go,’ and ‘behind (on the trail)’—from various locations in the Uma language area of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. An introduction includes an overview of Uma dialects, while a postscript summarizes some of the differences (sound change, pronouns, etc.) between dialects.
Year Published: 2014
Subject Language: Uma
Publication Language: English, Uma, Indonesian
Contributors: Michael P. Martens
002 Andio Word List and Sentences (Eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia)
Description: This data set consists of a 488-item Andio word list, appended with forty-four sentences that were elicited for grammatical analysis.
Year Published: 2013
Subject Language: Andio
Publication Language: Andio, English, Indonesian
003 Southeast Sulawesi Word Lists
Description: In the summer of 1975, the Dutch linguist J. C. Anceaux travelled the islands of southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, collecting over thirty word lists from twelve different languages. Following his death in 1988, the lists he collected lay in a handwritten and nearly forgotten notebook. Now, four decades after his initial work, we have keyboarded Anceaux’s word lists and present them here in electronic format, so that they can be accessed and appreciated by a wider audience. A scan of the original wordbook is available separately.
Year Published: 2016
Subject Language: Cia-Cia, Indonesian Bajau, Kamaru, Kulisusu, Lasalimu, Moronene, Muna, Pancana, Tolaki, North Tukang Besi, South Tukang Besi, Wolio
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Cia-Cia, Indonesian Bajau, Kamaru, Kulisusu, Lasalimu, Moronene, Muna, Pancana, Tolaki, North Tukang Besi, South Tukang Besi, Wolio
Contributors: J. C. Anceaux and David Mead
004 Wasambua Word List, Notes, and Sample Text
Description: This paper presents an 844-item word list of the Wasambua dialect of the Cia-Cia language of southern Buton Island, southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Besides placing Wasambua in its sociolinguistic environment, this paper includes notes on the sound system, person markers, deictics, and aspectual clitics. It concludes with a brief, 14-sentence personal narrative.
Year Published: 2017
Subject Language: Cia-Cia
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Cia-Cia
Contributors: David Mead
005 Kaisabu Word List and Notes
Description: The speech variety of the small Kaisabu community of Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, has received scant attention in the previous literature, leaving open the question whether it should be considered a dialect of Cia-Cia or a separate language. In this paper I bring to light initial information concerning its sound system, word stock, person markers, and deictics. The heart of this paper is an annotated word list comprising over eight hundred items. I also present evidence for considering Kaisabu to be a distinct language.
Year Published: 2017
Subject Language: Kaisabu
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Kaisabu
Contributors: David Mead
006 Lasalimu Word List and Notes
Description: Lasalimu is an endangered yet almost completely undocumented language of Buton Island in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Having recently spent time working with three Lasalimu speakers, in this paper I bring to light a small amount of information concerning its sound system, word stock, person markers, and deictics. The heart of this paper is an annotated word list comprising more than eight hundred items.
Year Published: 2018
Subject Language: Lasalimu
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Lasalimu
Contributors: David Mead
007 Kumbewaha Word List and Notes
Description: Kumbewaha is a minor language of Buton Island in southeastern Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this paper I bring to light some information about its sociolinguistic context, sound system, word stock, person markers, and diectics. At the heart of this paper is an annotated word list comprising more than eight hundred items.
Year Published: 2017
Subject Language: Kumbewaha
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Kumbewaha
Contributors: David Mead
008 Wolowa Word Lists
Description: The Wolowa and Wakole language communities of Buton Island in south­eastern Sulawesi, Indonesia, have mostly escaped the attention of linguistic scholarship. In this paper I present background information about these communities along with two word lists, both comprising more than eight hundred items. Based on a lexicostatistical analysis I tentatively conclude that Wolowa and Wakole should be regarded as dialects of Kumbewaha.
Year Published: 2017
Subject Language: Kumbewaha
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Kumbewaha
Contributors: David Mead
009 Kambowa Word List and Notes
Abstract: Kambowa is a small underdescribed language spoken on the east coast of Buton Island in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this paper I provide a small amount of documentation concerning its sound system, word stock, and pronoun sets. I also touch on dialects and the relationship of Kambowa to Kioko.
Year Published: 2020
Subject Language: Kambowa, Kioko
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Kambowa
Contributors: David Mead
010 Kioko Word List and Notes
Abstract: Kioko is a small underdescribed language of the east coast of Buton Island in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this paper I provide a small amount of documentation concerning its sound system, word stock, and person markers.
Year Published: 2020
Subject Language: Kioko
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Kioko
Contributors: David Mead
011 Taaloki Word List and Notes
Abstract: Taaloki is a small, endangered language spoken on the western coast of Buton Island in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this paper I provide a small amount of documentation concerning its language environment and vitality, previous research, sound system, word stock, and pronoun sets.
Year Published: 2020
Subject Language: Taaloki
Publication Language: English, Indonesian, Taaloki
Contributors: David Mead

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