Sulawesi Language Alliance

Championing Local Languages in the Heart of Indonesia

Language Group

Overview
ISO 639-3: 
kzp
Alternate Names: 
Kaidipan, Koidipang, Kaodipang, Caudipan, Canripa, Gaydupa, Kaidipang-Bolangitang, Bolang Itang, Boleng Itjang, Bolaang-Itang, Bolang-Itam, Bolang-Hitam
Dialects: 
Kaidipang; Bolangitang
Population: 
26800 (2000)
Microgroup: 
Province: 
North Sulawesi
Overall Vitality: 
4/Vulnerable

Location and Dialects

In the nineteenth century Kaidipang and its neighbor immediately to the east, Bolaang-Itang, were two small principalities along the northern coast of Sulawesi, facing the Celebes Sea (Van Doren 1860; de Hollander 1877). From a linguistic perspective, however, their speech is closely related and can be regarded as dialects of a single language. For the location of the Kaidipang language area, see sketch maps in Stokhof (1983:240) and Sneddon and Usup (1986:408) among others. 

Population

Indonesian census figures for the year 2000 report a total population of 26,800 or, broken down by ethnicity, Kaidipang 8,900 and Bolangitang 17,700.

References

Doren, J. B. J. van. 1860. “De rijkjes Bolang-Mogondo, Bolang-Banka, Bintawoena, Bolang-Itam, Kaidipan, Andagile en Bwool, aan de Noord-kust van Celebes gelegen.” Chapter 2 in Bijdragen tot de kennis van verschillende overzeesche landen, volken, enz., vol. 1. Amsterdam: J. D. Sybrandi.

Hollander, J. J. de. 1877. Bolaäng Mongondou. Handleiding bij de beoefening der land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Oost-Indië, volume 2, 2nd ed., edited by J. J. de Hollander, 269–272. Breda: Koninklijke Militaire Academie.

neddon, J. N.; and Hunggu Tadjuddin Usup. 1986. Shared sound changes in the Gorontalic language group: Implications for subgrouping. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 142:407–426.

Stokhof, W. A. L. (ed.) 1983. Holle lists: Vocabularies in languages of Indonesia, vol. 7/1: North Sulawesi: Gorontalo group and Tontoli. In co-operation with Lia Saleh-Bronckhorst and Alma E. Almanar. (Materials in Languages of Indonesia, 24. Pacific Linguistics, D-62.) Canberra: Australian National University.

Vitality

Summary

 

Discussion

When Merrifield and Salea surveyed the Gorontalo-Mongondow language area in 1990, they noted a general pattern of usually strong language use, but with Indonesian (read: Manado Malay) playing a larger role in the lives of the younger generation (Merrifield and Salea 1996:128–131), and Kaidipang was no exception to this pattern. Because these authors noted cases of children speaking to their parents only in Indonesian, particularly in the Kaidipang dialect area, we tentatively (and conservatively) rate Kaidipang as 4/Vulnerable. However, because this information is dated, we urge that this area be revisited to determine current language use patterns and to assess the current strength/vitality of Kaidipang in both dialect areas.

What Others Have Written

Merrifield and Salea (1996:129–130)

In the two Kaidipang-Bolangitang villages surveyed, adults use the local language as well as Indonesian to communicate with each other. In the village in Bolangitang subdistrict, children are reported to use both the local language and Indonesian. In the village in Kaidipang district, children are reported to use Indonesian. In both villages parents speak to their children using the local language; in the Kaidipang village children reply in Indonesian and in the Bolangitang village they reply in the local language.

References

Merrifield, Scott; and Martinus Salea. 1996. North Sulawesi language survey. (Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Sociolinguistics, 1.) Dallas: SIL.

Documentation

This tab is not yet functional.

To view a mockup of what this tab will feature, please visit the Banggai language page.

Home  |  Top  |  Print

Close